水质硬度超标

Excessive hardness of water quality

硬水在洗涤过程中，水中含有的钙镁等离子，转变成不溶于水的碳酸钙和碳酸镁，沉积于布草；

During the washing process of hard water, the calcium and magnesium ions contained in the water transform into insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, which deposit on the linen;

硬水在洗涤过程中，水中含有的钙镁等离子与皂基类洗涤剂形成钙皂镁皂，沉积于布草；

During the washing process of hard water, the calcium magnesium plasma contained in the water forms calcium soap magnesium soap with soap based detergents, which deposits on the linen;

建议使用软水洗涤，硬度在50ppm以下。

Suggest using soft water for washing, with a hardness below 50ppm.

长期使用氯漂粉

Long term use of chlorine bleaching powder

氯漂粉与布草中的荧光增白剂发生反应，使布草发暗无光泽；

Chlorine bleaching powder reacts with fluorescent whitening agents in the fabric, causing the fabric to become dull and dull;

氯根在布草中的残留；

Residues of chloride ions in linen;

建议氯漂粉定期使用，平时漂白去渍可选用彩漂粉。

It is recommended to use chlorine bleaching powder regularly, and color bleaching powder can be used for regular bleaching and stain removal.

洗净度不够

Insufficient cleanliness

机器本身转速是否正常，过快和过慢的转速都会影响机械力的有效发挥；

Whether the speed of the machine itself is normal, both too fast and too slow speeds can affect the effective performance of mechanical force;

装机量是否超标，过多或过少，都降低机械力的有效发挥；

Whether the installed capacity exceeds the standard, whether it is too much or too little, will reduce the effective utilization of mechanical force;

洗涤剂的投入量不够， 没有达到去污的临界胶束浓度；

The amount of detergent input is insufficient and has not reached the critical micelle concentration for cleaning;

所选用的洗涤剂是否具有优异的防止污垢再沉积的功能；

Does the selected detergent have excellent anti fouling properties;

建议工作前检查机器运转是否正常，采用合理装机量（70%-80%），选择优异的洗涤化料。

It is recommended to check the operation of the machine before starting work, use a reasonable installation amount (70% -80%), and choose excellent washing chemicals.

透水中和不彻底

Permeable and incomplete neutralization

布草所洗下的污垢又均匀的附着到被洗涤织物上；

The dirt washed by the linen evenly adheres to the washed fabric;

长期残留碱残留氯对色泽的影响；

The effect of long-term residual alkali and residual chlorine on color;

中和酸剂加入后，对温度时间的控制；

Control of temperature and time after adding neutralizing acid agents;

建议布草洗涤投水不少于3次，有条件情况下2次中脱，中和酸剂40℃加入，洗涤时间不低于3-5分钟。

It is recommended to wash the linen with water no less than 3 times, and if conditions permit, remove it twice. Neutralizing acid should be added at 40 ℃, and the washing time should not be less than 3-5 minutes.

布草发黄解析

Analysis of yellowing of linen

洗涤用水中铁离子含量超标

Excessive iron ion content in washing water

洗涤用水中铁离子含量超标，在洗涤加热及洗涤液呈碱性条件下，形成颜色较深的铁锈沉积在布草上，造成发黄。

The iron ion content in the washing water exceeds the standard. Under the alkaline conditions of washing heating and washing solution, dark colored rust forms and deposits on the cloth, causing yellowing.

处理方法：发黄布草处理程序（100kg水洗机）

Processing method: Yellow linen processing program (100kg washing machine)

建议：若是管道老化含有铁锈残留，在每天上班洗涤布草之前排清输水管道和蒸汽管道中的残留水即可，如果是水源本身含有铁离子超标（标准小于0.1mg/L），建议改变水源，因处理铁离子的成本太高，非洗涤工厂所能承受。

Suggestion: If the pipeline is aging and contains rust residue, it is recommended to drain the residual water in the water supply pipeline and steam pipeline before washing the linen every day. If the water source itself contains excessive iron ions (the standard is less than 0.1mg/L), it is recommended to change the water source because the cost of treating iron ions is too high and cannot be borne by the washing factory.

氯漂使用量偏大

Excessive use of chlorine bleaching

氯漂使用量偏大，特别对一些新布草较为明显，因氯漂粉与布草中的荧光增白剂发生化学反应，造成发黄。

The use of chlorine bleaching is excessive, especially for some new fabrics, as the chemical reaction between chlorine bleaching powder and fluorescent whitening agents in the fabric causes yellowing.

处理方法：进行正常洗涤，使用彩漂漂白。如发黄严重使用还原剂还原处理（温度60℃左右，浴比1：20水），5分钟后正常投水即可。

Processing method: Perform normal washing and use color bleach for bleaching. If yellowing is severe, use a reducing agent for reduction treatment (temperature around 60 ℃, bath ratio 1:20 water), and add water normally after 5 minutes.

建 议：100kg机器，氯漂粉使用量，新布草300g以下，旧布草400g以下。

Suggestion: 100kg machine, chlorine bleaching powder usage, new linen less than 300g, old linen less than 400g.

柔顺剂使用量偏多

Excessive use of softeners

柔顺剂使用量偏大，在强制干燥过程中变质，造成发黄。

Excessive use of softeners can cause deterioration during forced drying, resulting in yellowing.

建议：100kg机器使用量，柔顺粉400g以下，柔顺剂800g以下。

Suggestion: 100kg machine usage, less than 400g of softening powder, and less than 800g of softening agent.

酒店布草发灰发黄破损发硬之谜！

The mystery of hotel linen turning gray, yellow, damaged, and hard!

布草破损解析

Analysis of Damaged Linen

人为原因

Human factors

保管不当布草受潮发霉等造成强度下降；

Improper storage may cause a decrease in strength due to moisture and mold on the linen;

使用运输不当，造成认为的钩破刮破拉裂等。

Improper use of transportation, resulting in suspected hook breakage, scraping, tearing, etc.

洗涤用水含铁量超标的原因

Reasons for excessive iron content in washing water

在洗涤过程中加氧化剂（彩漂粉氯漂粉等）的释放，使布草纤维脆化。

The release of oxidants (such as color bleaching powder and chlorine bleaching powder) during the washing process makes the linen fibers brittle.

洗涤过程中的原因

Reasons during the washing process

装机量过多或者过少，造成机器甩干高脱时的拉伤（网状）；

Excessive or insufficient installed capacity can cause pulling injuries (mesh) when the machine is thrown dry and detached;

出机时的野蛮工作行为，用力过猛，强行拉出造成的撕裂；

The barbaric work behavior when exiting the machine, resulting in tearing due to excessive force and forceful pulling;

洗涤化料加入时的水位过低或直接从机器门口加入，化料直接接触布草，造成烧伤破损；

When washing chemicals, if the water level is too low or they are directly added from the machine door, the chemicals will come into direct contact with the linen, causing burns and damage;

单独处理时，使用一些强酸强碱强氯的化学药剂没有及时投洗干净，造成烧伤破损。

When treated separately, some strong acid, strong alkali, and strong chlorine chemical agents were not washed thoroughly in a timely manner, resulting in burns and damage.

酒店内部的原因

Internal reasons within the hotel

服务员的不正规操作，造成床单与床板的刮破钩破；

The improper operation of the waiter caused scratches and hooks on the bed sheets and bed boards;

部分服务员用客人使用过的布草打扫房间，沾染上所使用的清洁剂，如洁厕剂84消毒液等，因此类清洁剂化学性能很强，对布草纤维的损伤比较大，而且是沾染清洁剂的布草与没有沾染清洁剂的布草一起存放，造成大批布草沾染烧伤破损。

Some waiters clean the room with cloth used by guests, which is contaminated with cleaning agents such as toilet cleaner 84 disinfectant. Therefore, this type of cleaning agent has strong chemical properties and causes significant damage to the fiber of the cloth. Moreover, cloth that has been contaminated with cleaning agents is stored together with cloth that has not been contaminated with cleaning agents, causing a large number of cloth stains, burns, and damages.

布草发硬解析

Analysis of Cloth Hair Hardening

洗涤用水中钙镁铁等离子超标

Calcium, magnesium, and iron ions in washing water exceed the standard

经过长期洗涤后，在布草上沉积，造成手感粗糙，而且影响柔顺剂吸附。

After long-term washing, it deposits on the fabric, causing a rough feel and affecting the adsorption of the softener.

布草长期洗净度不够，污垢再沉积

The long-term cleanliness of the linen is insufficient, and dirt deposits again

柔顺剂使用量偏少

Insufficient use of softeners

投水中和后是否达到标准的PH值（5.5-6.5）

Does it reach the standard pH value (5.5-6.5) after neutralization with water

柔顺剂加入后是否达到要求的温度（40℃-50℃）

Does the softener reach the required temperature (40 ℃ -50 ℃) after addition

中和柔顺的洗涤时间是否达到要求（5分钟以下）

Does the washing time for neutralization and smoothness meet the requirements (less than 5 minutes)

烘干时，是否薄厚分开烘干

When drying, do you separate the thickness and thickness for drying

烘干过度（烘干到八九成干，打开冷风，自然干燥）

Excessive drying (dry to 80-90% dry, turn on cold air, let it dry naturally)

建议：保证洗涤用水的水质，严格按照正规洗涤工艺流程操作。

Suggestion: Ensure the quality of washing water and strictly follow the formal washing process.