01洗涤用水的水质好坏会影响布草泛灰发黄

The quality of washing water can affect the graying and yellowing of linen

因为从水井或自来水中直接提取的水会携带大量的黄泥或微细沙尘。这些含有泥沙未经过滤的水进入水洗机后，会对布草造成比较严重的污染，形成视觉上的发灰发黄发黑。由于水中含有的无机盐离子会对织物水洗效果构成威胁，水中的钙、镁等离子,在洗加温条件下，由可溶性的碳酸氢钙、碳酸氢镁转变成不溶于水的碳酸钙和碳酸镁，它们沉积在织物上以后，会使水洗后的织物泛灰发黄。

Because water extracted directly from wells or tap water can carry a large amount of yellow mud or fine sand and dust. After these unfiltered water containing sediment enter the washing machine, it will cause serious pollution to the linen, forming a visual graying, yellowing, and blackening. Due to the presence of inorganic salt ions in water, it poses a threat to the washing effect of fabrics. Calcium and magnesium ions in water, under washing and heating conditions, transform from soluble calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate to insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. After they deposit on the fabric, it will cause the washed fabric to turn gray and yellow.

同样以溶解状态存在水中的亚铁离子，在主洗加温及碱性条件下，也会以带红褐色的铁化合物沉积在织物上，从而使洗后的织物泛黄发红甚至呈浅褐色，还有硬水中的无机盐离子与肥皂等阴离子洗涤剂生成，不仅浪费了洗涤材料，降低了洗涤剂的去污效率，而且极易黏附在织物上，给织物造成二次污染。织物经烘干或熨平之后，不仅常泛灰发暗，而且去除相当困难。

Ferrous ions, also present in a dissolved state in water, can deposit on fabrics as reddish brown iron compounds under main washing heating and alkaline conditions, causing the washed fabric to turn yellow, red, or even light brown. Inorganic salt ions in hard water can also form anionic detergents such as soap, which not only waste washing materials and reduce the cleaning efficiency of detergents, but also easily adhere to fabrics, causing secondary pollution to the fabric. After drying or ironing, the fabric often turns gray and dark, and it is also quite difficult to remove.

目前一般是通过在管道或蓄水池前端安装过滤设备用以净化水源，提高洗涤用水的干净度，以此来避免水质问题对布草洗涤质量的影响。

At present, filtration equipment is generally installed at the front end of pipelines or reservoirs to purify the water source and improve the cleanliness of washing water, in order to avoid the impact of water quality issues on the quality of linen washing.

02洗涤剂的用量、用法不对

The dosage and usage of 02 detergent are incorrect

酒店布草

Hotel linen

氯漂白剂是布草织物水洗时常用的洗涤材料。在适宜的温度及PH值条件下，氯漂白剂不仅可以去除布草织物上常用洗涤剂不能洗掉的色渍色底，增加织物白度，还能起到一定的抗菌消毒作用，但是氯漂白剂的添加量应适中。若添加量过多，或者氯漂白剂在洗涤液中分布不均匀，不但会造成织物洗后发黄，严重时还可能造成织物破损。

Chlorine bleach is a commonly used washing material for fabric washing. Under suitable temperature and pH conditions, chlorine bleach can not only remove color stains and bottoms on linen fabrics that cannot be washed away by commonly used detergents, increase fabric whiteness, but also have a certain antibacterial and disinfection effect. However, the amount of chlorine bleach added should be moderate. If the amount added is too much, or if chlorine bleach is unevenly distributed in the washing solution, it can not only cause the fabric to turn yellow after washing, but in severe cases, it may also cause fabric damage.

此外，长期使用含有荧光增白剂的洗衣粉织物，或者洗涤操作时荧光增白剂以及柔软剂添加过量，也会造成这些材料在布草织物上的沉积，再经烘干或高温熨烫，从而造成织物泛黄发暗发黑。

In addition, long-term use of laundry detergent fabrics containing fluorescent whitening agents, or excessive addition of fluorescent whitening agents and softeners during washing operations, can also cause the deposition of these materials on the fabric. After drying or high-temperature ironing, the fabric can turn yellow, dark, and black.

03操作工艺会导致布草泛灰发黄发黑

03 Operation process will cause the linen to turn gray, yellow, and black

织物经洗和漂白后，一般均经过中速或高速脱水过程，以尽可能降低水洗织物中残存的洗涤液。由于残存在织物纤维中的洗衣液既含有碱性的洗涤剂，又含有织物上脱落下来的污垢。为了获得佳的洗涤效果，还需要一定量的水来稀释织物中的洗涤液，并通过洗衣机的物理作用，使织物中的洗涤剂和沉积的织物上的污垢进一步扩散到清水中。

After washing and bleaching, the fabric generally undergoes a medium or high-speed dehydration process to minimize the residual detergent in the washed fabric. Due to the fact that the laundry detergent remaining in the fabric fibers contains both alkaline detergents and dirt that has fallen off the fabric. In order to achieve better washing results, a certain amount of water is needed to dilute the washing solution in the fabric, and through the physical action of the washing machine, the detergent in the fabric and the dirt deposited on the fabric are further diffused into clean water.

这即是水洗织物投水漂白的目的，为了加速织物中残存洗涤液的的扩散作用，尽量稀释织物中残存的洗涤液，水洗织物投水时常选用高水位，并进行多次，以逐渐降低织物上残存洗涤液的浓度。为便于洗涤液从织物纤维中扩散出来，使织物纤维持续保持溶胀状态，投水时的水温还保持梯度下降，这些操作虽属经验之谈，但操作不当，致使洗涤液中的污垢重新沉积到布草织物上，势必会造成水洗后的布草织物泛灰发黄。

This is the purpose of adding water to bleach washed fabrics. In order to accelerate the diffusion of residual detergent in the fabric and dilute the residual detergent as much as possible, high water levels are often used for adding water to washed fabrics, and multiple times are carried out to gradually reduce the concentration of residual detergent on the fabric. In order to facilitate the diffusion of detergent from the fabric fibers and maintain a continuous swelling state of the fabric fibers, the water temperature during water addition also maintains a gradient decrease. Although these operations are empirical, improper operation can cause the dirt in the detergent to re deposit on the fabric, which will inevitably cause the washed fabric to turn gray and yellow.